Skinheads refers to organizations of subculture or counter-culture social groups, the origins of which began in London, England in the 1960s and reached its peak in the 1980s. They are so named because of the fashion trend of maintaining a shaven head or closely-cropped haircut. In the United States, Skinheads have been associated with Neo-Nazism and racial hate groups and are known for their acts of criminal violence - in particular against non-whites.